Major contamination

Calculate major contamination

Major contamination is a metric to see if a sample is contaminated with small amounts of DNA from another unrelated sample. The metric requires the extracted pileup information from running the extract tool.

How to run the tool

You can run this tool with one or more samples. The two required inputs are the list of sample names and the database (biometrics will automatically load all sample data from the database). Below is an example command:

biometrics major \
  -sn C-48665L-N001-d C-PCYP90-N001-d C-MH6AL9-N001-d \
  -db /path/to/store/extract/output

You can also indicate your input samples via a CSV file, which has the same format as what you provided to the extraction tool, but you only need the sample_name column:

biometrics major \
  -i samples.csv \
  -db /path/to/store/extract/output

Output

All analyses output a CSV file containing the metrics for each sample. An interactive bar graph can also optionally be produced by supplying the --plot flag. These outputs are saved either to the current working directory or to a folder you specify via --outdir.

CSV file

The CSV file contains metrics for each pair of samples compared (one per line). The table below describes each column in the CSV output:

Column Name	Description
sample_name	Sample name.
sample_group	Sample group (if available).
sample_sex	Sample sex (if available).
sample_type	Sample type (if available).
total_sites	Total number of sites.
total_heterozygous_sites	Total number of heterozygous sites.
major_contamination	Major contamination metric.

Interactive plot

Below is an example bar plot showing the per-sample major contamination metrics. You can hover over each bar to get more information about the sample. You can also control the major contamination threshold (the horizontal red line) via the --major-threshold flag.

Algorithm details

Major contamination is calculated as the number of heterozygous sites divided by the total number of sites. A heterozygous site is defined as one with > 10% minor allele frequency.